Friday, October 30, 2015

Friday, October 30 recap of Act 5, scene 2 Hamlet.



 Learning targets: I can analyze how an author's choices concerning how to structure specific parts of a text (e.g., the choice of where to begin or end a story, the choice to provide a comedic or tragic resolution) contribute to its overall structure and meaning as well as its aesthetic impact.
 I can evaluate how each version interprets the source text.

Essential question: Why is Shakespeare's Hamlet able to transcend time and place in its staging?


In class: review of Act 5, scene 2
               new vocabulary: A Room of One's Own ..class handout / copy below
Review of semi colon usage

1.  The score was tied the game went into overtime.
   

2.  Professor Brown has left the laboratory, however, you may still be able to reach her through email.


3. We didn't attend the play, besides, we had heard that all the good seats were taken.


4.  The keys to the lower door were not, however, in their usual place.


5.  Ingrid, a shortstop, made the team, but Joe, her cousin, did not make the cut.


8.  Read the article out loud, then answer all ten questions on the quiz.


9.  Martin had paid his dues, therefore, we allowed him to vote in the election.


10. The World Series had begun, however, we were still stuck in traffic.

11. Martin Luther King did not intend to become a preacher, originally he wanted to be a lawyer.
   

12.   If you want to lose weight and keep it off, try a good diet, if you are serious about your goal, you should be successful.
   

15.  The route suggested by Map Quest was not, however, open to traffic that day.
   

16.   Many parents are in favor of school uniforms, they feel that the uniforms develop a sense of community among students.
   

17.  The rain was causing flooding in many areas, however, we still carried out our plans.
   
 18.  Throwing his arms into the air, Mike looked absolutely dumbfounded, so he stood up, knocking all of the materials on the floor, and left the building.

19.  John is a former police officer, he now stays home with his children.
   

20.  He is not doing well in school, however, everyone hopes that he will be able to graduate.
   



Writing exercise: Yesterday we read and watched two director's versions of the final death scene in Act 5. The objective was show the interpretive flexibility of the play and two of the many ways it has been staged through the years.
In class, I am asking you to writing a plot summary of the final scene; that is simply a what happened. The objective is to demonstrate your understanding of how the characters interacted. As well, this is an opportunity to 1) incorporate the use semi colons into your sentences and vary your sentence structure.   20 minutes
Note period 8 students have a choice of the above or the divination speech.

Another Hamlet death scene: Kenneth Branaugh  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbRnOQmmZY0
A Room of One’s Own  by Virginia Woolf   vocabulary    quiz on Friday, November 6
1.     heiress (noun)- a woman who inherits or will inherit considerable wealth
2.     escapade (noun)- a reckless adventure or wild prank
3.     patriarchy – (noun)a system of society or government in which men hold the power and women are largely excluded from it.
4.     agog (adjective)- highly excited by eagerness, curiosity, anticipation
5.     betrothed- (adjective)- engaged to be married
6.     to duck (verb)- plunged or dipped in water
7.     to dash (verb)- to strike or smash violently, especially to break into pieces
8.     Anon (noun)- anonymous
9.     rhetoric (noun) –techniques that writers and speakers use to create meaning, enhance a text or to persuade others to agree with a particular point of view
10.                      to guffaw (verb)- to laugh crudely
11.                      to thwart (verb)- prevent from accomplishing a purpose
12.                     morbid (adjective)- unwholesomely gloomy, sensitive in the extreme

Can you tell who is speaking to whom and what scene this is from?











In Elsinore, Hamlet tells Horatio that he discovered that the letters Rosencrantz and Guildenstern bore to England asked that Hamlet be executed. Hamlet switched the letter with one that requested Rosencrantz and Guildenstern be executed.
R and G are duped again. Their sad fate shows the way plots and deception tend to widen and take the lives of those on the periphery too.

Hamlet says he has no sympathy for Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, who gave up their honor to curry favor with the king. But he is sorry he fought with Laertes, who only wanted to revenge his own father.
Hamlet identifies with Laertes.
A dandyish nobleman, Osric, enters. Hamlet gets him to agree first that it's cold, then that it's actually hot. Osric announces that Claudius has wagered Hamlet can defeat Laertes in a duel. Hamlet agrees to fight.
Osric is what Hamlet most hates—a man who values appearance over reality.
Horatio says that Hamlet will lose the wager. Hamlet says he'll win a fair fight, but he has a bad foreboding. Horatio urges him to call off the duel. But Hamlet says there's no use trying to escape death: it will come no matter what.
Hamlet is finally at peace. He accepts death. Death comes for everyone, so why not face it now? Note that Hamlet has ceased to plot: he's chosen reality over appearance.
ClaudiusGertrudeLaertes, and the entire court enter to watch the duel. Hamlet apologizes to Laertes. Laertes won't accept the apology until he can consult an expert on honor. The two men select their foils (swords). Laertes picks the poisoned foil.
Laertes speaks of honor while plotting against Hamlet. He's sold his soul for vengeance.
Claudius announces that if Hamlet gets one of the first three hits he will drink to Hamlet's health and then drop a jewel into the cup and give it to Hamlet. The duel starts.Hamlet scores the first hit. Claudius drops the jewel into the wine. Hamlet, concentrating on the duel, says he'll drink the wine later.
The "jewel" is poison—appearance vs. reality.
Hamlet scores the second hit. Gertrude lifts the poisoned cup to drink in Hamlet's honor. Claudius tries to stop her, but can't tell her why without revealing his plot. She drinks.
Claudius is in so deep that he can't admit reality even to save his wife.
They duel. Laertes wounds Hamlet, drawing blood. They scuffle, and in the scuffle end up exchanging swords. Hamlet wounds Laertes.
Laertes gets his revenge, but it rebounds on himself.
Gertrude falls. Claudius claims Gertrude fainted because.she saw Hamlet and Laertes bleeding, but Gertrude says the wine was poisoned. She dies.      
                                           Claudius lies right up until the end. But death is a reality that appearance can't hide.
                      
Laertes, who knows he's dying of his wound from the poisoned sword, reveals Claudius's treachery.
Reality revealed.
Hamlet stabs Claudius and then forces him to drink the poisoned wine. Claudius dies.
Hamlet gets his revenge.
Laertes forgives Hamlet and asks for forgiveness. Laertes dies. Hamlet forgives him.
Hamlet and Laertes are honest before they die.
Horatio wants to kill himself, but Hamlet forbids it: Horatio must tell Hamlet's story to the world.
Through Horatio, Hamlet will reveal Claudius's lies.



   In the distance a cannon sounds. Fortinbras is returning victorious from Poland, and fired the blast to honor English ambassadors arriving to Denmark. Hamlet says that Fortinbras should be made King of Denmark, then dies.
Fortinbras achieves "vengeance" by not pursuing it. He's the only character who never plots—he always chooses reality over 
appearance
________________________________________







Thursday, October 29, 2015

Thursday, October 29 the final fight


 

Due now: semi-colon take-home assessment. 
                

              In class:  Act 5, scene 2......THE ENDING
Period 8 Quick write class handout / copy below
  Periods 3 and 6: Act 5.2 writing / plot summary and demonstrating semi colon usage.
class handout / copy below



Where we left off:


A calmer Hamlet recounts the events leading up to his escape from the plot to kill him. He says that he is convinced now more than ever that divine providence governs man's life, and that things happen as they are meant to happen. He tells Horatio that the night before the pirates took him, he found himself unable to sleep.
 He used this opportunity to investigate Rosencrantz and Guildenstern's cabin. Groping about in the darkness, he discovered letters addressed to the English King, which he managed to open with surreptitious skill. To his surprise, he read that Claudius had requested the king of England to imprison and behead Hamlet as quickly as possible. 

Horatio remains incredulous until Hamlet hands him the letter. While Horatio reads, Hamlet continues. He says that he immediately conjured a brilliant plan. He composed a second set of letters in the flowery style of the original ordering that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern be killed. He sealed the letters with his father's State Seal, which he carried in his purse.
 Rosencrantz and Guildenstern do not know that Hamlet has replaced the letters, and thus, according to Hamlet, their demise will be due to their own actions in delivering the letters to the English king.
Claudius' behavior horrifies Horatio. "Why what a king is this!" he exclaims. Hamlet reminds him that this same king killed the rightful king, made Gertrude a whore, and robbed Hamlet of his own birthright, all in one fell stroke.
 Horatio worries that Claudius will learn the outcome of events in England too quickly, but Hamlet assures him that he will now act expeditiously to eliminate the King.
Hamlet says he is only sorry about one thing now: That he has had to engage Laertes in the business. Osric, a courtier, enters and Hamlet mocks the man's flamboyance. Osric tells Hamlet that Laertes invites the Prince to duel with him. The King has wagered that Hamlet will win, and Osric is to return and report whether Hamlet will accept.
 He does. After Osric's exit, a lord enters with instructions from the King to see if Hamlet wants more time before meeting Laertes. Hamlet says he is ready whenever the King wants to get started. Then the lord tells Hamlet that the Queen wishes him to extend Laertes a pre-duel overture of friendship. Hamlet agrees, and the lord exits.
Horatio feels uneasy about the duel and suggests that Hamlet could lose. Hamlet shrugs off any possibility of Laertes' winning, but says that, in any event, one cannot avoid one's destiny. Hamlet must do what he must do. All that matters is being prepared for the inevitable. "The readiness is all."

Turn to Act 5, scene 2, line 225


    Film link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9VZp7IFfXQ&list=PL8653490E2C680C5C&index=26    



  Name ___________________________________   Hamlet: Blood Bath
After having viewed the Act 5, scene 2, the climax of the play, please write a plot summary that demonstrates 1) you understand the narrative structure of the act and 2) in at least two of the five sentences I am asking you to write, you use semi colons.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Name______________________________________   Quick write  
Explain Hamlet’s reasoning for participating in Claudius’ bet to compete with Laertes.
Augury (noun)-m the act of studying the future
To augur (verb)-to study the future
Horatio tells Hamlet that it’s not necessary to fight Laertes, and he could easily beg off. Hamlet responds:

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Wednesday, October 28, 2015

Wednesday, October 28 Hamlet at Ophelia's grave






Learning targets:(speaking) I can respond thoughtfully to diverse perspectives; synthesize comments, claims, and evidence made on all sides of an issue; resolve contradictions.
I can evaluate a speaker's point of view, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric, assessing the stance, premises, links among ideas, word choice, points of emphasis, and tone used.

film link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3kkKldrYvU&index=25&list=PL8653490E2C680C5C

Essential question: How much control do these characters have over their actions, or are they simple fated to their roles?
Due tomorrow: last semi-colon assessment. This will be collected at the start of class. After that time, it will be worth a maximum of 50 points.  In class: at Ophelia's grave site (Act 5.220-300)

Writing response on divination: class handout/ copy below

1. According to the priest, why was Ophelia allowed to lie in sanctified ground?

2. What do both Laertes and Hamlet wish to happen at Ophelia's grave?

3. Explain Hamlet's couplet as he departs the scene: 
  "Let Hercules himself explain do what he may,
The cat will mew, and dog will have his day."

4. How is Oscric the new Polonius? What parallels do you note in his behavior?   And Hamlet's behavior?

5. What does he ask of Hamlet?

6. How does Hamlet respond?











7. Not a whit, we defy augury: there's a special
providence in the fall of a sparrow. If it be now,
'tis not to come; if it be not to come, it will be
now; if it be not now, yet it will come: the
readiness is all: since no man has aught of what he
leaves, what is't to leave betimes? Let be. (5.2.219-224)



In a well-written response of a minimum of two sentences, one of which incorporates the use of a semi colon, explain Hamlet's reasoning for participating in Claudius' bet to compete with Laertes. Made sure to incorporate textual evidence.


Tuesday, October 27, 2015

Tuesday, October 27 Hamlet..One woe doth tread upon another's heel,




Learning target: (writing) I can develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly and thoroughly, supplying the most relevant evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience's knowledge level, concerns, values, and possible biases.
Essential question: How may cultural values impact the facts of a situation?

If you are absent, here is the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOkImi8n0Os&list=PL8653490E2C680C5C&index=22

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLO5IdAl-q8&index=23&list=PL8653490E2C680C5C


Coming up: Due Thursday, October 29- semi-colon take-home assessment
                   In class: Act 4, scene 7: Ophelia's death. Class handout / copy below
                                 Act 5, scene 1: Ophelia's grave

Yesterday we learned that Hamlet had returned, sans Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, to Denmark, and that Laertes was determined to fulfill his filial responsibility and exact revenge on Hamlet for having killed his father Polonius. King Claudius, of course, wants Hamlet out of the way. Between these two, what three options for Hamlet's demise do they suggest?


There is a debate of Ophelia's rite to a Christian burial. What is the conflict?

The grave digger notes that there are three branches to an act: 
"it is to act, to do, to perform"(11-12).  Explain.
   
From the film: anyone catch the rude gesture?

The grave digger is known as a clown, as he makes jokes.
     What does he respond when Hamlet, who the grave digger does not recognize, asks him why Hamlet was sent to England?
      Can you explain the joke?

Who was Yorick? What is Hamlet's response?


       


Name__________________________
Please read Gertrude’s speech to Claudius and Laertes, where she informs them of Ophelia’s death.  Weaving in text, respond to the following in a minimum of 3 well-written sentences. Did Ophelia commit suicide?
QUEEN Gertrude
   There is a willow grows aslant a brook, 
   That shows his hoar leaves in the glassy stream; 
   Therewith fantastic garlands did she make 
   Of crow-flowers, nettles, daisies, and long purples 
   That liberal shepherds give a grosser name, 
   But our cold maids do dead men's fingers call them: 
   There, on the pendent boughs her coronet weeds 
   Clambering to hang, an envious sliver broke; 
        When down her weedy trophies and herself 
   Fell in the weeping brook. Her clothes spread wide; 
   And, mermaid-like, awhile they bore her up: 
   Which time she chanted snatches of old lauds; 
   As one incapable of her own distress, 
   Or like a creature native and indued 
   Unto that element: but long it could not be 
   Till that her garments, heavy with their drink, 
   Pull'd the poor wretch from her melodious lay 
   To muddy death.

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Saturday, October 24, 2015

Monday, October 26, the plan!

Hamlet Cartoon Cast. Laertes & Ophelia are Polonius' children. Hamlet is son to Gertude & King Hamlet (ghost). Claudius is King Hamlet's brother & Hamlet's uncle/step-father when he marries Gertude. Rosencrantz & Guildenstern are the bodyguards of the castle.:

CHARACTER REVIEW- who's who?  class handout.

Learning targets:  I can cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including determining where the text leaves the matter uncertain. 
I can analyze the impact of the author's choices regarding how to develop and relate elements of a drama.
I can determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings.

Essential question: How are words used to manipulate emotions and direct someone to their bidding? 


If you are absent, here is the film link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOkImi8n0Os&list=PL8653490E2C680C5C&index=22

Coming up: your take-home assessment on semi-colons is due this Thursday, October 29
 In class: Character review and paraphrasing Hamlet's soliloquy.  Class handouts / copies below





Where we left off on Friday:  Laertes had observed his sister Ophelia's mind as "a document in madness" (4.5.177) and also to "be revenged / Most thoroughly for [his] father" (4.5.135-6).
Hamlet asked about the armies crossing through Denmark, only to learn that Norway was taking some worthless land from Poland. He then concludes Act 4 with a soliloquy where he compares his serious purpose, that is his filial responsibility to avenge his father's death-especially since he now has empirical proof that Claudius is guilty-to the frivolous military campaign.

Act 4, scene 7   Claudius goads Laertes, and poses this question: "Laertes, was your father dear to you? / Or are you like the painting of a sorrow?" (108-109)
         Where have you heard something similar said by Hamlet?

What is King Claudius' plan for Laertes to revenge his father Polonius' death?

Claudius: Hamlet comes back: what would you undertake, 
125   To show yourself your father's son in deed
126   More than in words?


LAERTES: To cut his throat i' the church.

What is Claudius' plan?

 Claudius:
  No place, indeed, should murder sanctuarize;
  Revenge should have no bounds. But, good Laertes,
  Will you do this, keep close within your chamber. 
  Hamlet return'd shall know you are come home: 
  We'll put on those shall praise your excellence
  And set a double varnish on the fame
  The Frenchman gave you, bring you in fine together
  And wager on your heads.
He, being remiss,
  Most generous and free from all contriving,
  Will not peruse the foils
; so that, with ease,
   Or with a little shuffling, you may choose
   A sword unbated
, and in a pass of practise
   Requite him for your father.


How is Laertes going to be double sure that Hamlet dies?

And Claudius has one more trick up his sleeve. What is it?



 Hamlet Cartoon Cast. Laertes & Ophelia are Polonius' children. Hamlet is son to Gertude & King Hamlet (ghost). Claudius is King Hamlet's brother & Hamlet's uncle/step-father when he marries Gertude. Rosencrantz & Guildenstern are the bodyguards of the castle.:
Name_______________________________

Identify the following, noting their relationships.
1. Hamlet  _________________________________________________________________________________
2. Gertrude _________________________________________________________________________________
3. Claudius _________________________________________________________________________________
4. Polonius _________________________________________________________________________________
5. Ophelia _________________________________________________________________________________6. Laertes _________________________________________________________________________________
7. Horatio _________________________________________________________________________________
8. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern _________________________________________________________________________________
9. Old King Hamlet _________________________________________________________________________________

Name __________________________________
Please respond to the questions as pertaining Hamlet’s soliloquy below from Act 4, scene 4
Background: Hamlet has just learned that Fortinbras, nephew to the former King of Norway is crossing through Denmark on the way to Poland to take some land. The land is worthless; nevertheless, Poland will defend this land, the outcome being that many people will die on both sides, and the fighting will cost much money.  Hamlet ponders this and notes that for the Norway and Poland there is passion and a goal over essentially nothing; yet he, who has a duty to revenge his father, has done nothing.

                How all occasions do inform against me,
                And spur my dull revenge! What is a man,           
                If his chief good and market of his time
                Be but to sleep and feed? a beast, no more.
                 
                Sure, he that made us with such large discourse,          
                Looking before and after, gave us not
                That capability and god-like reason         
                To fust in us unused. Now, whether it be            
                Bestial oblivion, or some craven scruple 40
                Of thinking too precisely on the event, 
                A thought which, quarter'd, hath but one part wisdom
                And ever three parts coward, I do not know      
                Why yet I live to say 'This thing's to do;'
                Sith I have cause and will and strength and means 
                To do't. Examples gross as earth exhort me:       
                Witness this army of such mass and charge
                Led by a delicate and tender prince,       
                Whose spirit with divine ambition puff'd              
                Makes mouths at the invisible event,     50
                Exposing what is mortal and unsure       
                To all that fortune, death and danger dare,
                Even for an egg-shell. Rightly to be great             
                Is not to stir without great argument,    
                But greatly to find quarrel in a straw       
                When honour's at the stake. How stand I then,
                That have a father kill'd, a mother stain'd,
                Excitements of my reason and my blood,            
                And let all sleep? while, to my shame, I see        
                The imminent death of twenty thousand men,  60
                That, for a fantasy and trick of fame,      
                Go to their graves like beds, fight for a plot
                Whereon the numbers cannot try the cause,
                Which is not tomb enough and continent            
                To hide the slain? O, from this time forth,            
                My thoughts be bloody, or be nothing worth!
1.       How does Hamlet describe a human who only “market[s] his time / Be but to sleep and feed”? (34-35).



2.       What has god given man that distinguishes him from beasts?




3.       How does Hamlet describe someone who thinks “too precisely on [an] event?” (41).




4.       To what is Hamlet referring when he says there are “examples gross as earth exhort me”? (46).





5.       To what is Hamlet alluding when he speaks of the “egg-shell”? (53)? Reread the background material above if necessary.





6.       With what two reasons does Hamlet conclude that Norway and Poland go to battle and by inference most people?










Friday, October 23, 2015

Friday, October 23 Laertes' decision to revenge his father's death






In class: Hamlet 6, vocabulary quiz
              grammar work: semi colons  DUE Thursday, October 29, as there will...this is in lieu of your vocabulary. Take your time! class handout / copy below. You will need to read the instructions carefully. 
If you are absent, here is the film link: 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=la4XiB1dZq0&list=PL8653490E2C680C5C&index=21


Learning targets: I can analyze the impact of the author's choices regarding how to develop and relate elements of a story or drama.
 I can analyze how an author's choices concerning how to structure specific parts of a text as to how it will contribute to its overall structure and meaning as well as its aesthetic impact.
I can analyze a case in which grasping a point of view requires distinguishing what is directly stated in a text from what is really meant.
Essential question: How can a series of challenging life circumstances impact one's physical and mental health? 

Act 4 scene 5      
Laertes and Ophelia meet

note that a bier is a movable frame on which a coffin or a 

corpse is placed before burial or cremation or on which 

it is carried to the grave.



Pelican as a Christian symbol

LAERTES
           To his good friends thus wide I'll ope my arms;
           And like the kind life-rendering pelican,
           Repast them with my blood.

The language of flowers
     
There's rosemary, that's for remembrance; pray, 
   love, remember. And there is pansies; that's for 
  thoughts.

There's fennel for you, and columbines.   (strength)  (folly)
 There's rue for you; and here's some          
for me: we may call it herb of grace a' Sundays.
You may wear your rue with a difference. There's
a daisy. I would give you some violets, but they     (innocence)
withered all when my father died. They say he        (faithfulness)
made a good end—

The scene closes with Claudius saying to Laertes: "Where the offence is let the great axe fall" (4.5.219).



 In pragmatic terms, what is Claudius' message?




HAMLET Good sir, whose powers are these? 
Captain They are of Norway, sir. 10
HAMLET How purposed, sir, I pray you? 
Captain Against some part of Poland. 
HAMLET Who commands them, sir?
Captain The nephews to old Norway, Fortinbras. 
HAMLET Goes it against the main of Poland, sir, 
 Or for some frontier? 
Captain Truly to speak, and with no addition, 
 We go to gain a little patch of ground
 That hath in it no profit but the name. 
 To pay five ducats, five, I would not farm it; 20 
 Nor will it yield to Norway or the Pole 
 A ranker rate, should it be sold in fee. 
HAMLET Why, then the Polack never will defend it.
Captain Yes, it is already garrison'd. 
HAMLET Two thousand souls and twenty thousand ducats 
 Will not debate the question of this straw: 
 This is the imposthume of much wealth and peace, 
 That inward breaks, and shows no cause without
 Why the man dies. I humbly thank you, sir. 
Captain God be wi' you, sir. 30
 

Name___________       Semicolon Use
The semicolon (;) is probably the most commonly misused punctuation mark. It is easy to use, but many people do not understand how to use it correctly. 
Semicolons are easy to use correctly, as long as you remember one simple rule about semicolon use: a semicolon should be used to separate two independent clauses (or complete sentences) that are closely related in meaning.
That's it--that's all that you need to remember to use semicolons correctly. Wow. That was easy.
To help you determine if you are using a semicolon correctly, just ask yourself if a period would be correct if used where the semicolon is used. If so, then you have used the semicolon correctly. If a comma could be used where a semicolon is used, then the semicolon is not used correctly. To some extent, periods and semicolons are interchangeable--in many situations, you can use one or the other. But semicolons and commas are not interchangeable--if you can replace a semicolon with a comma, you have used the semicolon incorrectly.
Semicolons are often misused. Some writers seem to think that semicolons are fancy commas that create longer pauses than commas. This is not true. A semicolon NEVER should be used to try to create a "pause" longer than that achieved by a comma.
If you can use a period correctly, then you can use a semicolon correctly. A semicolon is used just like a period, but it is used to separate two complete sentences when the sentences are closely related in meaning.
(Note: There are some exceptions to these rules of semicolon usage, but they are so rare that they seldom come up in student papers.)
Please insert the semi-colon in the following sentences as needed. Some commas may need removing; as well, some sentences might be fine as they are written.

1.  The score was tied the game went into overtime.
   

2.  Professor Brown has left the laboratory, however, you may still be able to reach her through email.


3. We didn't attend the play, besides, we had heard that all the good seats were taken.


4.  The keys to the lower door were not, however, in their usual place.


5.  Ingrid, a shortstop, made the team, but Joe, her cousin, did not make the cut.


8.  Read the article out loud, then answer all ten questions on the quiz.


9.  Martin had paid his dues, therefore, we allowed him to vote in the election.


10. The World Series had begun, however, we were still stuck in traffic.

11. Martin Luther King did not intend to become a preacher, originally he wanted to be a lawyer.
   

12.   If you want to lose weight and keep it off, try a good diet, if you are serious about your goal, you should be successful.
   

15.  The route suggested by Map Quest was not, however, open to traffic that day.
   

16.   Many parents are in favor of school uniforms, they feel that the uniforms develop a sense of community among students.
   

17.  The rain was causing flooding in many areas, however, we still carried out our plans.
   
 18.  Throwing his arms into the air, Mike looked absolutely dumbfounded, so he stood up, knocking all of the materials on the floor, and left the building.

19.  John is a former police officer, he now stays home with his children.
   

20.  He is not doing well in school, however, everyone hopes that he will be able to graduate.