Learning Targets: I can propel a conversation by posing and responding to questions that probe reasoning and evidence.
I can draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.
In class:1. vocabulary- "Rime of the
Ancient Mariner"
The quiz is Friday, except for the
following folks, who will be on a field trip.
They must make arrangements to take the
quiz before the end of the day on Friday;
otherwise, it is a zero (class handout / copy below)
Kash Charles TaMia Minnis Zariah Pendergrass Kiara Santana Lauren Taylor
2. Background information on the Age of
Reason Class reading on board3. Compare and contrast of philosophical differences
(class work / copy below)
What was the Age of Reason or the Enlightenment?
This is the name given to the period in Europe
and America during the 1700s when mankind was emerging from centuries of ignorance into a new
age enlightened by reason, science, and respect for humanity.
People of the Enlightenment were convinced that human reason could (1) discover the natural laws
of the universe and (2) determine the natural rights of mankind; (3) thereby unending
progress in knowledge, technical achievement, and moral values would be realized.
This new way of thinking led to the development
of a new religious thought known as Deism.
Deists believed in God as a great inventor or architect who had created the universe then
allowed it to function like a machine or clock without divine intervention. Although Deists believed in a hereafter, they believed human achievement and happiness should be the focus of this life rather than the life to come.
Benevolence toward less fortunate people, (5) humanitarianism, resulted. Difficult though
it is for us to realize, the idea that people who are more fortunate should assist those who are less fortunate was, in fact, a new concept during the Enlightenment. Prior to this, religious beliefs perceived assistance to the unfortunate as interference with God because people thought if someone were unfortunate, it was God's will and was punishment for wrongdoing.
Politically, wars during the 1700s were most often fought within countries over secession to a throne rather than between countries. Monarchies still
often ruled during the 1700s, but with less security than in earlier times. The English executed their
king in 1642, France
queen (in 1793 and 1794 respectively) during the French Revolution, and other European monarchies soon fell. Royal instability suggested insecurity of the social order over which aristocracies had ruled.
Economically, new trade between countries generated new wealth. The newly wealthy tradesman and merchant class demanded a share of the social and political power formally held only by the nobility. As a result of the political and economic changes during the eighteenth century, there were major social changes as well. The former rigid class system based on inherited positions of nobility and wealth became far less secure.
There were also major religious changes during the 1700s. There was a significant decline in church power and prestige, which resulted primarily from people no longer believing in God's daily involvement in their human affairs. Prior to the Enlightenment, before the discovery of natural laws, people had believed that every event that occurred, no matter how major or minor, was a direct result of God's intervention. Once scientists discovered that natural laws caused these occurrences, mankind feared God less, and as a result, religious
obligations were no longer the primary concern of many people.
The eighteenth century recognized the interdependence of men on each other. Rather than the agricultural society prevalent during the previous feudal period, the 1700s saw the development of cosmopolitan society. People lived in clusters and depended upon each other rather than living alone and being independent of one another. The importance of cooperation and mutual respect became obvious.
Plato described humans as a careful balance of reason, passions and appetites, with reason as the guide.
The Age of Reason or the Enlightenment (1650-1800) elevated reason, but perhaps suppressed passions too much. For some, the emphasis on reason had gotten out of balance with the rest of human nature.
Qualities of Romanticism
Idealization of Rural Living
Faith in Common People
Emphasis on Freedom and Individualism
Spontaneity, intuition, feeling, imagination, wonder
Passionate individual religiosity
Life after death
Organic view of the World
“The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters,”
With this print, Goya is revealed as a transitional figure between the end of the Enlightenment and the emergence of Romanticism.n the image, an artist, asleep at his drawing table, is besieged by creatures associated in Spanish folk tradition with mystery and evil. The title of the print, emblazoned on the front of the desk, is often read as a proclamation of Goya’s adherence to the values of the Enlightenment—without Reason, evil and corruption prevail.
However, Goya wrote a caption for the print that complicates its message, “Imagination abandoned by reason produces impossible monsters; united with her, she is the mother of the arts and source of their wonders.”
rational. For Goya, art is the child of reason in combination with imagination.
The Romantics were a group of writers, artists, and thinkers who rebelled against the rational thinking of the Enlightenment by championing intense emotion and feeling as the truest form of aesthetic experience.
Name_________________________ Philosophical differences
Monday,
November 30 in class assignment
Eighteenth
Century vs.
Twenty-First Century
feeling of obligation to society
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shared beliefs were more important
than personal opinion
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Public life mattered more than one’s private life.
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Well-defined code of manners and
behavior was necessary to allow men to live in harmonious groups
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Manners or decorum consisted of agreed
upon behavior appropriate for specific situations and preserved societies
moral standards
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Vocabulary 2
for Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s “The Rime
of the Ancient Mariner” Quiz on Friday,
December 4
1. hoary (adjective)- white (hoarfrost- Frozen dew that forms a white
coating on a surface
2. albatross (noun)- large bird chiefly
of the oceans of the Southern Hemisphere;
a constant, worrisome
burden; an obstacle to success.
3. sedge (noun)- grass like plants
4. sere (adjective)- very dry
5. rood (noun)- cross
6. to shrive (verb)- To hear the confession of
and give absolution to (a penitent).
7. fathom- (noun / verb)- A unit of length
equal to 6 feet (1.83 meters), used principally in the measurement and specification of marine depths; (verb) to
penetrate to the meaning or nature of; comprehend.
8. loon (noun)- crazy person (think Loony Toons)
9. mariner (noun)- sailor
10.
fiend (noun)- cruel or wicked person
11.
wan
(adjective)- sickly pale
12.
dank (adjective)- moist, damp
